SITES

	Greatham, Teesside, UK
	West Site, Billingham, UK
	Grimsby, Humberside, UK
	Calais, France
	Huelva, Spain
	Scarlino, Italy
	Teluk Kalung, Malaysia
Habitats on the Teluk Kalung Site Forests at Tiger Bay Mangrove Swamps Invertebrates Fish Amphibians and Reptiles Birds Mammals Biodiversity Management
	Umbogintwini, South Africa
	Lake Charles, USA
	Burnie, Tasmania

Index by Category

Appendices

References

Teluk Kalung, Malaysia

Forests at Tiger Bay

To the east of the production site the company manages a small area of forest extending down to the shores of the South China Sea at Tiger Bay. This area receives the treated aqueous discharges from the production site. The original vegetation along the east coast of Peninsula Malaysia has been described as heath forest. Such a habitat consists of high forest interspersed by strips of lower vegetation running parallel to the shoreline.

Along the east coast much of this formerly extensive heath forest has been destroyed but a little remains adjacent to the Tioxide property. Much of the coastal vegetation in the vicinity however, is that associated with sand beaches and rock shores and includes such species as Casuarina equisetifolia, Pandanus odoratissimus, Barringtonia asiatica, sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) and Scaevola servicea. Also present are wild fig (probably Fiscus superba, the sea fig) and low-growing herbaceous plants such as sea morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae) and pink periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus).

Animal Life in Tiger Bay Area
No detailed surveys have yet been made in the coastal forest habitats adjacent to the Tioxide site however, during brief visits in March 1992 and September 2000 large numbers of butterflies were seen. These included Striped Blue Crow (Euploea mulciber) Blue Glassy Tiger (Radena vulgaris) and Orange Albatross (Appias nero). Many butterflies seen in this area as yet remain unidentified.

A number of birds were recorded and these are discussed in more detail in other sections of this report. Of particular note however, are several White-bellied Sea Eagles that appear to be very regular visitors, if not residents on the site. There is strong evidence that the birds breed in the area (see Section Birds). Another bird of prey, the Crested Serpent Eagle was also recorded in September 2000.

The birds of the dense woodlands of this area have not, as yet, been fully surveyed. Based on observations in similar habitats a few kilometres further north along the coast a number of interesting species were recorded and could possibly occur on the Tioxide property. These include, Common Iora, White-rumped Shama, Brown-crowned Hanging Parrot and various woodpeckers and hornbills.

Common Kingfisher was recorded on several occasions feeding in the area where the freshwater discharge from the site enters the bay. This would suggest that the site effluent was having a minimal effect on fish.

Most mammals are difficult to observe when limited time is available for surveys. However, the Plantain Squirrel was seen in the area and numbers of Long-tailed Macaques were regularly present. Several otters were seen in the bay, again suggesting minimal impact on fish life resulting from Tioxide's discharges. The mammals of the area are discussed in more detail in Section Mammals.